Then I saw in my dream, that when they were got out of the wilderness, they presently saw a town before them, and the name of the town is Vanity; and at the town there is a fair kept, called Vanity Fair; it is kept all the year long. It bears the name of Vanity Fair, because the town where it is kept is lighter than vanity, and also because all that is there sold, or that comes thither, is vanity. As is the saying of the wise, “All that comes is vanity.” This fair is no newly begun business, but a thing of ancient standing. I will show you the original of it. Almost five thousand years ago, there were pilgrims walking to the Celestial City, as these two honest persons are; and Beelzebub, Apollyon, and Legion, with their companions, perceiving by the path that the pilgrims made, that their way to the city lay through this town of Vanity, they contrived here to set up a fair; a fair wherein should be sold all sorts of vanity, and that it should last all the year long. Therefore at this fair are all such things sold, as houses, lands, trades, places, honors, preferments, titles, countries, kingdoms, lusts, pleasures, and delights of all sorts, as wives, husbands, children, masters, servants, lives, blood, bodies, souls, silver, gold, pearls, precious stones, and what not. And, moreover, at this fair there is at all times to be seen cheats, games, plays, fools, apes, knaves, and rogues, and that of every kind. Here are to be seen, too, and that for nothing, thefts, murders, adulteries, false swearers, and that of a blood-red color. And, as in other fairs of less moment, there are the several rows and streets, under their proper names, where such and such wares are vended; so here likewise you have the proper places, rows, streets (namely, countries and kingdoms), where the wares of this fair are soonest to be found. Here are the Britain Row, the French Row, the Italian Row, the Spanish Row, the German Row, where several sorts of vanities are to be sold. But, as in other fairs, some one commodity is as the chief of all the fair, so the ware of Rome and her goods are greatly promoted in this fair; only our English nation, with some others, have taken a dislike thereat. Now, as I said, the way to the Celestial City lies just through this town where this lusty fair is kept; and he that would go to the city, and yet not go through this town, must needs go out of the world. The Prince of princes himself, when here, went through this town to his own country, and that upon a fair day too; yea, and as I think, it was Beelzebub, the chief lord of this fair, that invited him to buy of his vanities; yea, would have made him lord of the fair, would he but have done him reverence as he went through the town.
1.The word “fair” in Vanity Fair is closest in meaning to （ ）. 2. The word “they” in Line 3, Paragraph 3 refers to （ ）.3.Which of the following is FALSE about Vanity Fair?4.Where is Vanity Fair situated?5.The pronoun “him”, in “would he but have done him reverence as he went through the town” refers to （ ）.
A.justice B.average C.a travelling show D.market问题2： A.Beelzebub, Apollyon, and Legion B.these two honest persons C.the companions of the these two honest persons D.pilgrims问题3： A.Cheating, stealing and killing prevails. B.You can buy things as well as humans. C.It is an ancient invention. D.The expensive goods are made in Rome.问题4： A.In a town on the way to the Celestial City. B.In Britain C.Nowhere D.In Europe问题5： A.the Prince of princes B.the Lord of the fair C.the Celestial City D.He
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Prior to 1975, union efforts to organize public-sector clerical worker, most of whom are women, were somewhat limited. The factors favoring unionization drives seem to have been either the presence of large numbers of workers, as in New York City, to make it worth the effort, or the concentration of small numbers in one or two locations, such as a hospital, to make it relatively easy. Receptivity to unionization on the workers, part was also a consideration, but when there were large numbers involved or the clerical workers were the only unorganized group in a jurisdiction, the multi-occupational unions would often try to organize them regardless of the workers’ initial receptivity. The strategic reasoning was based, first, on the concern that politicians and administrators might play off unionized against nonunionized workers, and, second, on the conviction that a fully unionized public work force meant power, both at the bargaining table and in the legislature. In localities where clerical workers were few in number, were scattered in several workplaces, and expressed no interest in being organized, unions more often than not ignored them in the pre-1975 period.But since the mid-1970’s, a different strategy has emerged. In 1977, 34 percent of government clerical workers were represented by a labor organization, compared with 46 percent of government professionals, 44 percent of government blue-collar workers, and 41 percent of government service workers. Since then, however, the biggest increases in public-sector unionization have been among clerical workers. Between 1977 and 1980, the number of unionized government workers in blue-collar and service occupations increased only about 1.5 percent, while in the white-collar occupations the increase was 20 percent and among clerical workers in particular, the increase was 22 percent.What accounts for this upsurge in unionization among clerical workers? First, more women have entered the work force in the past few years, and more of them plan to remain working until retirement age. Consequently, they are probably more concerned than their predecessors were about job security and economic benefits. Also, the women’s movement has succeeded in legitimizing the economic and political activism of women of their own behalf, thereby producing a more positive attitude toward unions. The absence of any comparable increase in unionization among private-sector clerical worker, however, identifies the primary catalyst --- the structural change in the multi-occupational public-sector unions themselves. Over the past twenty years, the occupational distribution in these unions has been steadily shifting from predominantly blue-collar to predominantly white-collar. Because there are far more women in white-collar jobs, an increase in the proportion of female members has accompanied the occupational shift and has altered union policy-making in favor of organizing women and addressing women’s issues.1.According to the passage, the public-sector workers who were most likely to belong to unions in 1977 were（ ） .2.The author cites union efforts to achieve a fully unionized work force (line 11—15) in order to account for why（ ）.3.The author’s claim that, since the mid-1970’s, a new strategy has emerged in the unionization of public-sector clerical workers (line 19) would be strengthened if the author（ ）.4.According to the passage, in the period prior to 1975, each of the following considerations helped determine whether a union would attempt to organize a certain group of clerical workers EXCEPT（ ） .
5.The author states that which of the following is a consequence of the women’s movement of recent years?
6.The main concern of the passage is to（ ） .7.The author implies that if the increase in the number of women in the work force and the impact of the women’s movement were the main causes of the rise in unionization of public-sector clerical workers, then（ ） .8.The author suggests that it would be disadvantageous to a union if（ ） .9.The author implies that, in comparison with worki
In the last 12 years total employment in the United States grew faster than at any time in the peacetime history of any country-from 82 to 110 million between 1973 and 1985-that is, by a full one third. The entire growth, however, was in manufacturing, and especially no-blue-collar jobs.This trend is the same in all developed countries, and is, indeed, even more pronounced in Japan. It is therefore highly probable that in 25 years developed countries such as the United States and Japan will employ no larger a proportion of the harbor force in manufacturing than devolved countries now employ in farming-at most, 10 percent. Today the United States employs around 18 million people in blue-collar jobs in manufacturing industries. By 2010, the number is likely to be no more than 12 million. In some major industries the drop will be even sharper.It is quite unrealistic, for instance, to expect that the American automobile industry will employ more one-third of its present blue-collar force 25 years hence, even though production might be 50 percent higher.If a company, an industry or a country does not in the next quarter century sharply increase manufacturing production and at the same sharply reduce the blue-collar work force, it cannot hope to remain competitive or even to remain "developed”. The attempt to preserve such blue-collar jobs is actually a prescription for unemployment.This is not a conclusion that American politicians, labor leaders or indeed the general public can easily understand or accept. What confuses the issue even more it that the United States is experiencing several separate and different shifts in the manufacturing economy. One is the acceleration of the substitution of knowledge and capital for manual labor. When Henry Ford introduced the assembly line in 1909, he cut the number of man-hours required to produce a motor by some 80 percent in two or three years---far more than anyone expects to result from even the most complete prioritization. But there is no doubt that we are facing a new, sharp acceleration in the replacement of manual workers by machines—that is, by the products of knowledge.
1.According to the author, the shrinkage in the manufacturing labor force demonstrates（ ）.2.According to the author, in coming 25 years, a developed country or industry, in order to remain competitive, ought to（ ） .
3.American politicians and labor leaders tend to dislike（ ） .4.The word "prescription" in ’’a prescription for unemployment" may be the equivalent to（ ）.5.This passage may have been excepted from （ ）.
A.the degree to which a country's production is robotized B.a reduction in a country’s manufacturing industries C.a worsening relationship between labor and management D.the difference between a developed country and a developing country问题2： A.reduce the percentage of the blue-collar work force B.preserve blue-collar jobs for international competition C.accelerate motor-car manufacturing in Henry Ford’s style D.solve the problem of unemployment问题3： A.confusion in manufacturing economy B.an increase in blue-collar work force C.internal competition in manufacturing production D.a drop in the blue-collar job opportunities问题4： A.something recommended as medical treatment B.a way suggested to overcome somber difficulty C.some measures taken in advance D.a device to dire问题5： A.a magazine about capital investment B.an article on automation C.a motor-car magazine D.an article on global economy1.Which one of the following best states the man idea of the passage?2.Which one of the following statements about “Civil Disobedience” would the author consider most accurate?3.According to the passage, which one of the following is true of Emerson and Fuller?4.The passage suggests which one of the following about Thoreau?5.According to the passage, King differed from most transcendentalists in that he（ ） .
'>Nearly every writer on the philosophy of civil rights activist Martin Luther King, it makes a connection between King and Henry David Thoreau, usually via Thoreau’s famous essay.”Civil Disobedience" (1849). In his book Stride Toward Freedom (1958), King himself stated that Thoreau’s essay was his first intellectual contact with the theory of passive resistance to governmental laws that are perceived as morally unjust. However, this emphasis on Thoreau’s influence on King is unfortunate: first, King would not have agreed with many other aspects of Thoreau’s philosophy, including Thoreau's ultimate acceptance of violence as a form of protest; second, an overemphasis on the influence of one essay has kept historians from noting other correspondences between King's philosophy and transcendentalism. "Civil Disobedience" as the only example of transcendentalist writing with which King was familiar, and in many other transcendentalist writings, including works by Ralph Waldo Emerson and Margaret Fuller, King would have found ideas more nearly akin to his own. The kind of civil disobedience King had in mind was, in fact, quite different from Thoreau’s view of civil disobedience. Thoreau, like most other transcendentalists, was primarily interested in reform of the ind
About twice every century, one of the massive stars in our galaxy blows itself apart in a supernova explosion that sends massive quantities of radiation and matter into space and generates shock waves that sweep through the arms of the galaxy. The shock waves heat the interstellar gas, evaporate small clouds, and compress larger ones to the point at which they collapse under their own gravity to form new stars. The general picture that has been developed for the supernova explosion and its aftermath goes something like this. Throughout its evolution, a star is much like a leaky balloon. It keeps its equilibrium figure through a balance of internal pressure against the tendency to collapse under its own weight. The pressure is generated by nuclear reactions in the core of the star which must continually supply energy to balance the energy that leaks out in the form of radiation. Eventually the nuclear fuel is exhausted, and the pressure drops in the core. With nothing to hold it up, the matter in the center of the star collapses inward, creating higher and higher densities and temperatures, until the nuclei and electrons are fused into a super-dense lump of matter known as a neutron star.As the overlying layers rain down on the surface of the neutron star, the temperature rises, until with a blinding flash of radiation, the collapse is reversed. A thermonuclear shock wave runs through the now expanding stellar envelope, fusing lighter elements into heavier ones and producing a brilliant visual outburst that can be as intense as the light of 10 billion suns. The shell of matter thrown off by the explosion plows through the surrounding gas, producing an expanding bubble of hot gas, with gas temperatures in the millions of degrees. This gas will emit most of its energy at X-ray wavelengths, so it is not surprising that X-ray observatories have provided some of the most useful insights into the nature of the supernova phenomenon. More than twenty supernova remnants have now been detected in X-ray studies.Recent discoveries of meteorites with anomalous concentrations of certain isotopes indicate that a supernova might have precipitated the birth of our solar system more than four and a half billion years ago. Although the cloud that collapsed to form the Sun and the planets was composed primarily of hydrogen and helium, it also contained carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen, elements essential for life as we know it. Elements heavier than helium are manufactured deep in the interior of stars and would, for the most part, remain there if it were not for the cataclysmic supernova explosions that blow giant stars apart. Additionally, supernovas produce clouds of high-energy particles called cosmic rays. These high-energy particles continually bombard the Earth and are responsible for many of the genetic mutations that are the driving force of the evolution of species.1.Which of the following titles best describes the content of the passage?2.According to the passage a neutron star is（ ） .3.It can be inferred from the passage that the meteorites mentioned by the author in Para.3 （ ）.4.According to the passage what is the first event in the sequence that leads to the occurrence of a supernova?5.The author implies that （ ）.
A.The Origins and Effects of Supernovas B.Violent Change in the Universe C.The Aftermath of a Supernova D.The Origins and Evolution of Life on Earth
问题2：
A.a gaseous cloud containing heavy elements B.an intermediate stage between an ordinary star and a supernova C.the core of an ordinary star that houses the thermonuclear reactions D.one of billions of meteors that are scattered across the galaxy by a supernova
问题3：
A.contain dangerous concentrations of radioactive materials B.are larger than the meteors normally found in a solar system like ours C.contain pieces of a supernova that occurred several billion years ago D.include material not created in the normal development of our solar system
问题4：
A.An ordinary star begins to emit tremendous quantities of X-rays. B.An imbalance between light and heavy element
The poor industrialist had said that the minimum wage would put him out of business, （ ）by the noble academic that it would not need to if he ran his company properly.
A.to be only told B.only being told C.only to be told D.being only told
