In the last 12 years total employment in the United States grew faster than at any time in the peacetime history of any country-from 82 to 110 million between 1973 and 1985-that is, by a full one third. The entire growth, however, was in manufacturing, and especially no-blue-collar jobs.This trend is the same in all developed countries, and is, indeed, even more pronounced in Japan. It is therefore highly probable that in 25 years developed countries such as the United States and Japan will employ no larger a proportion of the harbor force in manufacturing than devolved countries now employ in farming-at most, 10 percent. Today the United States employs around 18 million people in blue-collar jobs in manufacturing industries. By 2010, the number is likely to be no more than 12 million. In some major industries the drop will be even sharper.It is quite unrealistic, for instance, to expect that the American automobile industry will employ more one-third of its present blue-collar force 25 years hence, even though production might be 50 percent higher.If a company, an industry or a country does not in the next quarter century sharply increase manufacturing production and at the same sharply reduce the blue-collar work force, it cannot hope to remain competitive or even to remain "developed”. The attempt to preserve such blue-collar jobs is actually a prescription for unemployment.This is not a conclusion that American politicians, labor leaders or indeed the general public can easily understand or accept. What confuses the issue even more it that the United States is experiencing several separate and different shifts in the manufacturing economy. One is the acceleration of the substitution of knowledge and capital for manual labor. When Henry Ford introduced the assembly line in 1909, he cut the number of man-hours required to produce a motor by some 80 percent in two or three years---far more than anyone expects to result from even the most complete prioritization. But there is no doubt that we are facing a new, sharp acceleration in the replacement of manual workers by machines—that is, by the products of knowledge.

1.According to the author, the shrinkage in the manufacturing labor force demonstrates（ ）.2.According to the author, in coming 25 years, a developed country or industry, in order to remain competitive, ought to（ ） .

3.American politicians and labor leaders tend to dislike（ ） .4.The word "prescription" in ’’a prescription for unemployment" may be the equivalent to（ ）.5.This passage may have been excepted from （ ）.

A.the degree to which a country's production is robotized B.a reduction in a country’s manufacturing industries C.a worsening relationship between labor and management D.the difference between a developed country and a developing country问题2： A.reduce the percentage of the blue-collar work force B.preserve blue-collar jobs for international competition C.accelerate motor-car manufacturing in Henry Ford’s style D.solve the problem of unemployment问题3： A.confusion in manufacturing economy B.an increase in blue-collar work force C.internal competition in manufacturing production D.a drop in the blue-collar job opportunities问题4： A.something recommended as medical treatment B.a way suggested to overcome somber difficulty C.some measures taken in advance D.a device to dire问题5： A.a magazine about capital investment B.an article on automation C.a motor-car magazine D.an article on global economy

She remains confident and（ ） untroubled by our present problems.

A.indefinitely B.optimistically C.infinitely D.seemingly

There was not a single person there（ ） thought you were right.

A.whom B.as C.but D.whose

侵略行为似乎与许多生物结构和化学物质有关，如大脑中的下丘脑(hypothalamus)。很多动物在受到特定刺激时会表现出本能的侵略反应。下丘脑似乎与动物的这种本能反应有关：对许多动物的下丘脑中部分区域进行电激，会引发这一些它们的常见侵略行为。然而，人类的大脑要复杂的多，大脑的其他结构似乎可以抑制这种本性。社会生物学是生物学方法的一个分支，该理论认为侵略性对于人类而言是天生并且必要的。社会生物学认为，包括侵略行为在内的许多社会行为都是由遗传决定的。根据达尔文的进化论，他认为，个体存在的数量远远超过那些可以找到食物并且活到成年的个体数量。个体之间开始进行生存竞争，那些拥有竞争优势的个体更容易存活，并且会将它们有利于生存竞争的基因遗传给下一代。大部分物种所具有的竞争优势特质之一就是好斗性。拥有侵略特质的个体更容易存活和繁殖，因此，与侵略行为相关的各种基因遗传给下一代的可能性更大。该理论在众多方面遭到质疑，其一，人类拥有其他物种不具备的能力，这种并非侵略性质的能力才是人类生存下来的主要原因。其二，人类身上存在太多的变数，因此，我们无法相信人类会被侵略冲动主导或者支配。

About twice every century, one of the massive stars in our galaxy blows itself apart in a supernova explosion that sends massive quantities of radiation and matter into space and generates shock waves that sweep through the arms of the galaxy. The shock waves heat the interstellar gas, evaporate small clouds, and compress larger ones to the point at which they collapse under their own gravity to form new stars. The general picture that has been developed for the supernova explosion and its aftermath goes something like this. Throughout its evolution, a star is much like a leaky balloon. It keeps its equilibrium figure through a balance of internal pressure against the tendency to collapse under its own weight. The pressure is generated by nuclear reactions in the core of the star which must continually supply energy to balance the energy that leaks out in the form of radiation. Eventually the nuclear fuel is exhausted, and the pressure drops in the core. With nothing to hold it up, the matter in the center of the star collapses inward, creating higher and higher densities and temperatures, until the nuclei and electrons are fused into a super-dense lump of matter known as a neutron star.As the overlying layers rain down on the surface of the neutron star, the temperature rises, until with a blinding flash of radiation, the collapse is reversed. A thermonuclear shock wave runs through the now expanding stellar envelope, fusing lighter elements into heavier ones and producing a brilliant visual outburst that can be as intense as the light of 10 billion suns. The shell of matter thrown off by the explosion plows through the surrounding gas, producing an expanding bubble of hot gas, with gas temperatures in the millions of degrees. This gas will emit most of its energy at X-ray wavelengths, so it is not surprising that X-ray observatories have provided some of the most useful insights into the nature of the supernova phenomenon. More than twenty supernova remnants have now been detected in X-ray studies.Recent discoveries of meteorites with anomalous concentrations of certain isotopes indicate that a supernova might have precipitated the birth of our solar system more than four and a half billion years ago. Although the cloud that collapsed to form the Sun and the planets was composed primarily of hydrogen and helium, it also contained carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen, elements essential for life as we know it. Elements heavier than helium are manufactured deep in the interior of stars and would, for the most part, remain there if it were not for the cataclysmic supernova explosions that blow giant stars apart. Additionally, supernovas produce clouds of high-energy particles called cosmic rays. These high-energy particles continually bombard the Earth and are responsible for many of the genetic mutations that are the driving force of the evolution of species.1.Which of the following titles best describes the content of the passage?2.According to the passage a neutron star is（ ） .3.It can be inferred from the passage that the meteorites mentioned by the author in Para.3 （ ）.4.According to the passage what is the first event in the sequence that leads to the occurrence of a supernova?5.The author implies that （ ）.

A.The Origins and Effects of Supernovas B.Violent Change in the Universe C.The Aftermath of a Supernova D.The Origins and Evolution of Life on Earth
问题2：
A.a gaseous cloud containing heavy elements B.an intermediate stage between an ordinary star and a supernova C.the core of an ordinary star that houses the thermonuclear reactions D.one of billions of meteors that are scattered across the galaxy by a supernova
问题3：
A.contain dangerous concentrations of radioactive materials B.are larger than the meteors normally found in a solar system like ours C.contain pieces of a supernova that occurred several billion years ago D.include material not created in the normal development of our solar system
问题4：
A.An ordinary star begins to emit tremendous quantities of X-rays. B.An imbalance between light and heavy element

Communications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth. The first study to compare honesty across a range of communication media has found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. The fact that emails are automatically recorded-and can come back to haunt （困扰）you—appears to be the key to the finding.Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week. In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told. Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium. He found that lies made up 14 per cent of emails, 21 percent of instant messages, 27 per cent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 per cent of phone calls.His results to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists. Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment of emailing would make it easier to lie. Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practiced at that form of communication.But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone.People are also more likely to lie in real time-in an instant message or phone call, say-than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock. He found many lies are spontaneous responses to an unexpected demand, such as: “Do you like my dress?”Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate. For instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. But, given result, work assessment where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email.1.Hancock’s study focuses on（ ） .2.Hancock’s research finding surprised those who believed that（ ） .3.According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication?4.According to Hancock the telephone is a preferable medium for promoting sales because（ ）5.It can be inferred from the passage that（ ） .

A.The consequences of lying in various communications media. B.The success of communications technologies in conveying ideas C.People are less likely to lie in instant messages D.People’s honesty levels across a range of communications media
问题2：
A.People are less likely to lie in instant messages B.People are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions C.People are most likely to lie in email communication D.People are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations
问题3：
A.They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies. B.They believe that honesty is the best policy. C.They tend to be relaxed when using those media D.They are most practised at those forms of communication
问题4：
A.salesmen can talk directly to their customers B.salesmen may feel less restrained to exaggerate C.salesmen can impress customers as being trustworthy D.salesmen may pass on instant messages effectively
问题5：
A.honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal communications B.more employers will use emails to communicate with their employees C.suitable media should be chosen for different communication purposes D.email is now the dominant medium of communication within a company