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Just one hour's listening to an MP3 player can damage hearing,claim scientists.It causes temporary changes in hearing sensitivity which may lead to long-term harm,according to a new study.
The findings show over -stimulation of hair cells within the ear occurs even at varying volume levels for short periods of time.The study of almost 60 young people carried out by researchers at Ghent University,Belgium,is published in the Archives of Otolaryngology -Head&Neck Surgery journal.
It follows previous warnings from doctors that using MP3 players at high volumes with earphones that fit into the ear canal could lead to loss of hearing. In the latest study,21 people aged 19 to 28 years were exposed to pop and rock music using MP3 players at varying volumes for one hour. A second group of 28 men and women were a control group who were not exposed to MP3 music.
Hearing tests were carried out before and after the exposure,which found significant threshold or emission shifts were observed between almost every session of the noise exposure group compared with the control group.Lead researcher Hannah Kempler said:Excessive noise exposure can lead to metabolic and mechanical effects resulting in alterations of the structural elements of the inner ear that contains auditory sensory cells or"hair cells".
The European Commission has warned up to 10% of 30-year-old would have to wear a hearing device within the next decade because they listen to music too loudly through headphones.Surveys showed more than 90% of young people in Europe and the U.S.used MP3 players,often for several hours a day at maximum volume.Hearing experts recommend the 60/60 rule一listening to MP3 players for no more than 60 minutes at a time at 60% of maximum volume.Concern among EU health and safety officials has led to plan to ensure all MP3 players have the same maximum volume of 85 decibels(dB)一although users may be able to individually override it at their own risk.
The findings of the new study are in accord with the doctors' warnings previously about the dan-gers of using MP3 players at high volumes with earphones.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
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What Is Insulin-dependent Diabetes?
When you eat,your body takes the sugar from food and turns it into fuel.______(46)Your body uses glucose for energy,so it can do everything from breathing air to playing a video game.But glucose can't be used by the body on its own-it needs a hormone called insulin to bring it into the cells of the body.
Most people get the insulin they need from the pancreas,a large organ near the stomach?The pancreas makes insulin;insulin brings glucose into the cells;and the body gets the energy it needs.When a person has insulin一dependent diabetes,it's because the pancreas is not making insulin.So someone could be eating lots of food and getting all the glucose he needs,but without insulin,there is no way for the body to use the glucose for energy.______(47)
You may have heard older people talk about having diabetes,maybe people of your grandparents'age.Usually,this is a different kind of diabetes called non一insulin一dependent diabetes.It can also be called Type 2 diabetes,or adult-onset diabetes.______(48)
When a kid is diagnosed with juvenile(insulin-dependent)diabetes,he will have that type of diabetes for his whole life.It won't ever change to non-insulin-dependent diabetes when he gets older.
Scientists now think that a person who has juvenile diabetes was born with a certain gene or genes that made the person more likely to get the illness.______(49)
Many scientists believe that along with having certain genes,something else outside the person's body, like a viral infection,is necessary to set the diabetes in motion by affecting the cells in the pancreas that make insulin.
But the person must have the gene(or genes)for diabetes to start' out with一this means you can't get diabetes just from catching a flu,virus,or cold.And this type of diabetes isn't caused by eating too many sugary foods,either.Diabetes can take a long time to develop in a person's body-sometimes months or years?Another important thing to remember is that diabetes is not contagious.______(50)
______(50)
A:Genes are something that you inherit from your parents,and they are in your body even before you're born.
B:This sugar-fuel is called glucose?
C:It may be possible to beat insulin resistance through lifestyle changes.
D:You can't catch diabetes from people who have it,no matter how close you sit to them or if you kiss them.
E:The glucose can't get into the cells of the body without insulin.
F:When a person has this kind of diabetes,the pancreas usually can still make insulin,but the person's body needs more than the pancreas can make?
What Is Insulin-dependent Diabetes?
When you eat,your body takes the sugar from food and turns it into fuel.______(46)Your body uses glucose for energy,so it can do everything from breathing air to playing a video game.But glucose can't be used by the body on its own-it needs a hormone called insulin to bring it into the cells of the body.
Most people get the insulin they need from the pancreas,a large organ near the stomach?The pancreas makes insulin;insulin brings glucose into the cells;and the body gets the energy it needs.When a person has insulin一dependent diabetes,it's because the pancreas is not making insulin.So someone could be eating lots of food and getting all the glucose he needs,but without insulin,there is no way for the body to use the glucose for energy.______(47)
You may have heard older people talk about having diabetes,maybe people of your grandparents'age.Usually,this is a different kind of diabetes called non一insulin一dependent diabetes.It can also be called Type 2 diabetes,or adult-onset diabetes.______(48)
When a kid is diagnosed with juvenile(insulin-dependent)diabetes,he will have that type of diabetes for his whole life.It won't ever change to non-insulin-dependent diabetes when he gets older.
Scientists now think that a person who has juvenile diabetes was born with a certain gene or genes that made the person more likely to get the illness.______(49)
Many scientists believe that along with having certain genes,something else outside the person's body, like a viral infection,is necessary to set the diabetes in motion by affecting the cells in the pancreas that make insulin.
But the person must have the gene(or genes)for diabetes to start' out with一this means you can't get diabetes just from catching a flu,virus,or cold.And this type of diabetes isn't caused by eating too many sugary foods,either.Diabetes can take a long time to develop in a person's body-sometimes months or years?Another important thing to remember is that diabetes is not contagious.______(50)
______(50)
A:Genes are something that you inherit from your parents,and they are in your body even before you're born.
B:This sugar-fuel is called glucose?
C:It may be possible to beat insulin resistance through lifestyle changes.
D:You can't catch diabetes from people who have it,no matter how close you sit to them or if you kiss them.
E:The glucose can't get into the cells of the body without insulin.
F:When a person has this kind of diabetes,the pancreas usually can still make insulin,but the person's body needs more than the pancreas can make?
It is absurd to go out in such terrible weather.
A:. ridiculous
B:funny
C:odd
D:interesting
A:. ridiculous
B:funny
C:odd
D:interesting
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Teaching Math,Teaching Anxiety
In a new study about the way kids learn math in elementary school,the psychologists at the University of Chicago Sian Beilock and Susan Levine found a surprising relationship between what female teachers think and what female students learn:If a female teacher is uncomfortable with her own math skills,then her female students are more likely to believe that boys are better than girls at math.
If these girls keep getting math-anxious female teachers in later grades,it may create a snowball effect on their math achievement said Levine. In other words,girls may end up learning math anxiety from their teachers. The study suggests that if these girls grow up believing that boys are better at math than girls are,then these girls may not do as well as they would have if they were more confident.
Just as students find certain subjects to be difficult,teachers can find certain subjects to be difficult to learn一and teach. The subject of math can be particularly difficult for everyone. Researchers use the word“anxiety”to describe such feelings:anxiety is uneasiness or worry.
The new study found that when a teacher has anxiety about math,that feeling can influence how her female students feel about math. The study involved 65 girls,52 boys and 17 first-and second-grade teachers in elementary schools in the Midwest. The students took math achievement tests at the beginning and end of the school year,and the researchers compared the scores.
The researchers also gave the students tests to tell whether the students believed that a math superstar had to be a boy. Then the researchers turned to the teachers:To find out which teachers were anxious about math,the researchers asked the teachers how they felt at times when they came across math,such as when reading a sales receipt. A teacher who got nervous looking at the numbers on a sales receipt,for example,was probably anxious about math.
Boys,on average,were unaffected by a teacher's anxiety. On average,girls with math-anxious teachers scored lower on the end-of-the-year math tests than other girls in the study did. Plus,on the test showing whether someone thought a math superstar had to be a boy,20 girls showed feeling that boys would be better at math一and all of these girls had been taught by female teachers who had math anxiety.
“This is an interesting study,but the results need to be interpreted as preliminary and in need of replication with a larger sample,”said David Geary,a psychologist at the University of Missouri in Columbia.
David Geary thinks that______.
A: the study is interesting but it is based on unreliable research process
B: the research results need to be retested based on a larger sample
C: the research results need to be reinterpreted to be meaningful
D: the study is well based and produces significant results
Teaching Math,Teaching Anxiety
In a new study about the way kids learn math in elementary school,the psychologists at the University of Chicago Sian Beilock and Susan Levine found a surprising relationship between what female teachers think and what female students learn:If a female teacher is uncomfortable with her own math skills,then her female students are more likely to believe that boys are better than girls at math.
If these girls keep getting math-anxious female teachers in later grades,it may create a snowball effect on their math achievement said Levine. In other words,girls may end up learning math anxiety from their teachers. The study suggests that if these girls grow up believing that boys are better at math than girls are,then these girls may not do as well as they would have if they were more confident.
Just as students find certain subjects to be difficult,teachers can find certain subjects to be difficult to learn一and teach. The subject of math can be particularly difficult for everyone. Researchers use the word“anxiety”to describe such feelings:anxiety is uneasiness or worry.
The new study found that when a teacher has anxiety about math,that feeling can influence how her female students feel about math. The study involved 65 girls,52 boys and 17 first-and second-grade teachers in elementary schools in the Midwest. The students took math achievement tests at the beginning and end of the school year,and the researchers compared the scores.
The researchers also gave the students tests to tell whether the students believed that a math superstar had to be a boy. Then the researchers turned to the teachers:To find out which teachers were anxious about math,the researchers asked the teachers how they felt at times when they came across math,such as when reading a sales receipt. A teacher who got nervous looking at the numbers on a sales receipt,for example,was probably anxious about math.
Boys,on average,were unaffected by a teacher's anxiety. On average,girls with math-anxious teachers scored lower on the end-of-the-year math tests than other girls in the study did. Plus,on the test showing whether someone thought a math superstar had to be a boy,20 girls showed feeling that boys would be better at math一and all of these girls had been taught by female teachers who had math anxiety.
“This is an interesting study,but the results need to be interpreted as preliminary and in need of replication with a larger sample,”said David Geary,a psychologist at the University of Missouri in Columbia.
David Geary thinks that______.
A: the study is interesting but it is based on unreliable research process
B: the research results need to be retested based on a larger sample
C: the research results need to be reinterpreted to be meaningful
D: the study is well based and produces significant results
共用题干
Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Years
A hundred years ago,life expectancy in developed countries was about 47:in the early 21st century,men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74. Women to about 80, and these___1___ are rising all the time. What has brought___2___ these changes?When we look at the life___3___of people 100 years ago,we need to look at the greatest___4___of the time. In the early 20th century,these were the acute and often ___5___ infectious diseases such as smallpox. Many children died very young from these diseases and others,and the weak and elderly were always at risk. In the ___6 ___world these diseases are far___ 7 ___today,and in some cases have almost disappeared. A number of ___8 ___have led to this:improvements in sanitation and hygiene,the discovery and use of antibiotics,which ___9___ bacterial diseases much less dangerous,and vaccinations___10___ common diseases. ___11___ ,people's general health has improved with improvements in our general environ-ment:cleaner air,better means of preserving food,better and warmer housing,and better understanding of nutrition. Genetically,we should all be able to live to about 85 but ___12___ people do live longer today,there are still some big killers around that are preventing US from consistently reaching that age. The problems that affect people today are the more chro-nic illnesses,such as heart disease and strokes,and those ___13___ by viruses,such as influen- za and AIDS. Of course,cancer is a huge killer as well. In most cases these diseases affect ___14___ people,but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesity ___15___ more heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.
The killers today can be classed as“lifestyle diseases”,which means that it may be possi- ble to halt their progress.
3._________
A: length
B: time
C: duration
D: span
Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Years
A hundred years ago,life expectancy in developed countries was about 47:in the early 21st century,men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74. Women to about 80, and these___1___ are rising all the time. What has brought___2___ these changes?When we look at the life___3___of people 100 years ago,we need to look at the greatest___4___of the time. In the early 20th century,these were the acute and often ___5___ infectious diseases such as smallpox. Many children died very young from these diseases and others,and the weak and elderly were always at risk. In the ___6 ___world these diseases are far___ 7 ___today,and in some cases have almost disappeared. A number of ___8 ___have led to this:improvements in sanitation and hygiene,the discovery and use of antibiotics,which ___9___ bacterial diseases much less dangerous,and vaccinations___10___ common diseases. ___11___ ,people's general health has improved with improvements in our general environ-ment:cleaner air,better means of preserving food,better and warmer housing,and better understanding of nutrition. Genetically,we should all be able to live to about 85 but ___12___ people do live longer today,there are still some big killers around that are preventing US from consistently reaching that age. The problems that affect people today are the more chro-nic illnesses,such as heart disease and strokes,and those ___13___ by viruses,such as influen- za and AIDS. Of course,cancer is a huge killer as well. In most cases these diseases affect ___14___ people,but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesity ___15___ more heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.
The killers today can be classed as“lifestyle diseases”,which means that it may be possi- ble to halt their progress.
3._________
A: length
B: time
C: duration
D: span
共用题干
Breakfast
Studies show that children who eat breakfast do better in school.It doesn't take much
further thought to believe that adults will feel better and perform better at work as well.
Whether you work at home,on the farm,at the office,at school,or on the road,it is not
a good idea to skip（故意略去）breakfast.
If we don't eat breakfast,we are likely to become tired when our brains and bodies run
low on fuel.By mid-morning,a lot of us grab a cup of coffee,or wolf down a sugary candy
bar to wake up again.This might work for a few minutes,but by lunchtime we are hungry,
bad-tempered,and perhaps our mood might make us a little more likely to make unhealthy
choices at lunch.Eating a good breakfast sets the tone for the rest of the day.
People who eat breakfast are generally more likely to maintain a healthy weight.Many
people believe that they will lose weight if they skip meals,but that isn't a good idea.The
body expects to be refueled a few times a day,so start with a healthy breakfast.
A healthy breakfast should contain some protein（蛋白质）and some fiber（纤维）.
Protein can come from meat , eggs , beans , or soy（大豆）.Fiber can be found in whole
cereals（谷物）,grains or in fruits. A good example of a healthy breakfast might be
something simplelike a hard boiled egg,an orange,and a bowl of whole grain cereal with
soy milk.
People who eat breakfast are seldom in a bad mood.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
Breakfast
Studies show that children who eat breakfast do better in school.It doesn't take much
further thought to believe that adults will feel better and perform better at work as well.
Whether you work at home,on the farm,at the office,at school,or on the road,it is not
a good idea to skip（故意略去）breakfast.
If we don't eat breakfast,we are likely to become tired when our brains and bodies run
low on fuel.By mid-morning,a lot of us grab a cup of coffee,or wolf down a sugary candy
bar to wake up again.This might work for a few minutes,but by lunchtime we are hungry,
bad-tempered,and perhaps our mood might make us a little more likely to make unhealthy
choices at lunch.Eating a good breakfast sets the tone for the rest of the day.
People who eat breakfast are generally more likely to maintain a healthy weight.Many
people believe that they will lose weight if they skip meals,but that isn't a good idea.The
body expects to be refueled a few times a day,so start with a healthy breakfast.
A healthy breakfast should contain some protein（蛋白质）and some fiber（纤维）.
Protein can come from meat , eggs , beans , or soy（大豆）.Fiber can be found in whole
cereals（谷物）,grains or in fruits. A good example of a healthy breakfast might be
something simplelike a hard boiled egg,an orange,and a bowl of whole grain cereal with
soy milk.
People who eat breakfast are seldom in a bad mood.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
