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The Family
The structure of a family takes different forms around the world and even in the same society.The family's form changes as it adapts to changing social and economic influences.
Until recently,the most common form in North America was the nuclear family,consisting of a married couple with their minor children.The nuclear family is an independent unit,It must be prepared to fend for itself.Individual family members strongly depend on one another.There is little help from outside the family in emergencies.Elderly relatives of a nuclear family are cared for only if it is possible for the family to do so.In North America,the elderly often do not live with the family；they live in retirement communities and nursing homes.
There are many parallels between the nuclear family in industrial societies,such as
North America,and of families in societies such as that of the Inuits,who live in harsh environments.The nuclear family structure is well adapted to a life of mobility.In harsh conditions,mobility allows the family to hunt for food.For North Americans,the hunt for jobs and improved social status also requires mobility.
The nuclear family was not always the North American standard.In a more agrarian time,the small nuclear family was usually part of a larger extended family.This might have included grandparents,mother and father,brothers and sisters,uncles,aunts,and cousins.
In North America today,there is a dramatic rise in the number of single-parent households.
Twice as many households in the United States are headed by divorced,separated,or nevermarried individuals as are comprised of nuclear families.The structure of the family,not just in North America,but throughout the world,continues to change as it adapts to changing conditions.
The information in this passage would most likely be found in______.
A:an anthropology textbook
B:a biology textbook
C:a mathematics textbook
D:a geography textbook
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第一篇
Goal of American Education
Education is an enormous and expensive part of American life.Its size is matched by its variety.
Differences in American schools compared with those found in the majority of other countries lie in the
fact that education here has long been intended for everyone一not just for a privileged elite.Schools are ex-
pected to meet the needs of every child,regardless of ability,and also the needs of society itself. This means
that public schools offer more than academic subjects.It surprises many people when they come here to find
high schools offering such courses as typing,sewing,radio repair,computer programming or driver training,
along with traditional academic subjects such as mathematics,history,and languages.Students choose their
curricula depending on their interests,future goals,and level of ability. The underlying goal of American edu-
cation is to develop every child to the utmost of his or her own possibilities,and to give each one a sense of
civic and community consciousness.
Schools have traditionally played an important role in creating national unity and"Americanizing"the
millions of immigrants who have poured into this country from many different backgrounds and origins.
Schools still play a large role in the community,especially in the small towns.
The approach to teaching may seem unfamiliar to many,not only because it is informal,but also
because there is not much emphasis on learning facts.Instead,Americans try to teach their children to think
for themselves and to develop their own intellectual and creative abilities.Students spend much time,learning
how to use resource materials,libraries,statistics and computers.Americans believe that if children are
taught to reason well and to research well,they will be able to find whatever facts they need throughout the
rest of their lives.Knowing how to solve problems is considered more important than the accumulation of
facts.
This is America's answer to the searching question that thoughtful parents all over the world are asking
themselves in the fast-moving time:"How can one prepare today's child for a tomorrow that one can neither
predict nor understand?"
Which of the following best states the feature of American education that makes it different from education in other countries?
A:The large number of its schools.
B:The variety of the courses offered in its schools.
C:Its special consideration given to immigrants.
D:Its underlying goal to develop every child's abilities to the fullest extent.
第一篇
Goal of American Education
Education is an enormous and expensive part of American life.Its size is matched by its variety.
Differences in American schools compared with those found in the majority of other countries lie in the
fact that education here has long been intended for everyone一not just for a privileged elite.Schools are ex-
pected to meet the needs of every child,regardless of ability,and also the needs of society itself. This means
that public schools offer more than academic subjects.It surprises many people when they come here to find
high schools offering such courses as typing,sewing,radio repair,computer programming or driver training,
along with traditional academic subjects such as mathematics,history,and languages.Students choose their
curricula depending on their interests,future goals,and level of ability. The underlying goal of American edu-
cation is to develop every child to the utmost of his or her own possibilities,and to give each one a sense of
civic and community consciousness.
Schools have traditionally played an important role in creating national unity and"Americanizing"the
millions of immigrants who have poured into this country from many different backgrounds and origins.
Schools still play a large role in the community,especially in the small towns.
The approach to teaching may seem unfamiliar to many,not only because it is informal,but also
because there is not much emphasis on learning facts.Instead,Americans try to teach their children to think
for themselves and to develop their own intellectual and creative abilities.Students spend much time,learning
how to use resource materials,libraries,statistics and computers.Americans believe that if children are
taught to reason well and to research well,they will be able to find whatever facts they need throughout the
rest of their lives.Knowing how to solve problems is considered more important than the accumulation of
facts.
This is America's answer to the searching question that thoughtful parents all over the world are asking
themselves in the fast-moving time:"How can one prepare today's child for a tomorrow that one can neither
predict nor understand?"
Which of the following best states the feature of American education that makes it different from education in other countries?
A:The large number of its schools.
B:The variety of the courses offered in its schools.
C:Its special consideration given to immigrants.
D:Its underlying goal to develop every child's abilities to the fullest extent.
共用题干
第二篇
US Blacks Hard-hit by Cancer
Death rates for cancer are falling for all Americans,but black Americans are still more likely to die of
cancer than whites,the American Cancer Society said Monday.
In a special report on cancer and blacks, the organization said blacks are usually diagnosed with cancer
later than whites,and they are more likely to die of the disease.
This could be because of unequal access to medical care,because blacks are more likely to have other
diseases like diabetes as well,and perhaps because of differences in the biology of the cancer itself,the report added.
"In general,African Americans have］ess likelihood of surviving five years after diagnosis than whites for
all cancer sites and all stages of diagnosis,"the report said.
"In describing cancer statistics for African Americans,this report recognizes that socioeconomic dispari-
ties and unequal access to medical care may underlie many of the differences associated with race."
The Cancer Society said blacks should be encouraged to get check-ups earlier,when cancer is more
treatable,and it said more research was needed to see if biological differences play a role.
Since 1992,cancer death rates among black Americans_______.
A:have been going up and down
B:have remained stable
C:have increased
D:have fallen
第二篇
US Blacks Hard-hit by Cancer
Death rates for cancer are falling for all Americans,but black Americans are still more likely to die of
cancer than whites,the American Cancer Society said Monday.
In a special report on cancer and blacks, the organization said blacks are usually diagnosed with cancer
later than whites,and they are more likely to die of the disease.
This could be because of unequal access to medical care,because blacks are more likely to have other
diseases like diabetes as well,and perhaps because of differences in the biology of the cancer itself,the report added.
"In general,African Americans have］ess likelihood of surviving five years after diagnosis than whites for
all cancer sites and all stages of diagnosis,"the report said.
"In describing cancer statistics for African Americans,this report recognizes that socioeconomic dispari-
ties and unequal access to medical care may underlie many of the differences associated with race."
The Cancer Society said blacks should be encouraged to get check-ups earlier,when cancer is more
treatable,and it said more research was needed to see if biological differences play a role.
Since 1992,cancer death rates among black Americans_______.
A:have been going up and down
B:have remained stable
C:have increased
D:have fallen
共用题干
Battle Hymn of Tiger Mother
In general,I think Western parenting gives children too much freedom at too young an age.The average American child spends almost 70 percent more time watching television than attending school.In the recent PISA international tests,the US came out an embarrassing 23rd in science and 34th in math一with Shanghai children ranked No 1.Western children have alarming rates of alcohol and drug abuse and teenage pregnancy,too.On the other hand,American universities continue to be the envy of the world,and the US excels at teaching creativity,innovation and leadership.
What are the lessons for China then?Here are a few things China may be able to learn from the West.
First,while children in the West have too much choice,their counterparts in China may have too little.In between school,tutoring and lessons,many Chinese children work nonstop,getting little opportunity to have fun with friends,explore on their own and discover what they truly enjoy.What I learned is that as children grow up,parents should listen to their choices more carefully and gradually
give them more freedom to pursue their own passions.
Second,Chinese parents should pay more attention to their children's individual personalities. Every child is different. So depending on children's natural predispositions（秉性）,different career paths will make them happy. Some people may find it more fulfilling to become a photographer or fashion designer instead of a doctor. If Chinese parents become more open-minded in what they consider"success",it may help lessen the intense competition and pressure that many Chinese children feel.
Finally,Chinese parents are good at getting their children to memorize,practice and drill一skills I believe the West needs more of一but they should also find ways to encourage creativity and initiative.My daughters were lucky because my husband taught them the value of independent thinking. He always asked"why".Just because someone told you so,how do you know it's right?
Parenting is the hardest job I've ever had.When Lulu rebelled and I began questioning everything I'd done.I feel very lucky that I adjusted in time一today my daughters and I are close friends一and I wanted to share my story with other mothers,because we are all struggling with the same problem:how can we raise happy,strong,self-reliant children?
The author has more than one children.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
Battle Hymn of Tiger Mother
In general,I think Western parenting gives children too much freedom at too young an age.The average American child spends almost 70 percent more time watching television than attending school.In the recent PISA international tests,the US came out an embarrassing 23rd in science and 34th in math一with Shanghai children ranked No 1.Western children have alarming rates of alcohol and drug abuse and teenage pregnancy,too.On the other hand,American universities continue to be the envy of the world,and the US excels at teaching creativity,innovation and leadership.
What are the lessons for China then?Here are a few things China may be able to learn from the West.
First,while children in the West have too much choice,their counterparts in China may have too little.In between school,tutoring and lessons,many Chinese children work nonstop,getting little opportunity to have fun with friends,explore on their own and discover what they truly enjoy.What I learned is that as children grow up,parents should listen to their choices more carefully and gradually
give them more freedom to pursue their own passions.
Second,Chinese parents should pay more attention to their children's individual personalities. Every child is different. So depending on children's natural predispositions（秉性）,different career paths will make them happy. Some people may find it more fulfilling to become a photographer or fashion designer instead of a doctor. If Chinese parents become more open-minded in what they consider"success",it may help lessen the intense competition and pressure that many Chinese children feel.
Finally,Chinese parents are good at getting their children to memorize,practice and drill一skills I believe the West needs more of一but they should also find ways to encourage creativity and initiative.My daughters were lucky because my husband taught them the value of independent thinking. He always asked"why".Just because someone told you so,how do you know it's right?
Parenting is the hardest job I've ever had.When Lulu rebelled and I began questioning everything I'd done.I feel very lucky that I adjusted in time一today my daughters and I are close friends一and I wanted to share my story with other mothers,because we are all struggling with the same problem:how can we raise happy,strong,self-reliant children?
The author has more than one children.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
共用题干
Something Men Do Not Like to Do
Eric Brown hates shopping."It's just not enjoyable to me,"said the 28-year-old
Chicago man who was carrying several shopping bags along the city's main street,Michigan
Avenue."When I'm out_______(1),I basically know what I want to get.I rush in.I
buy it.I_______(2)."
Common wisdom says that guys hate to shop.You can ask generations of men.But
people who study shopping say that a number of social,cultural and economic factors are
now_______(3)this "men-hate-to-shop" notion.
"_________(4)social class and age,men say they hate to shop,"says Sharon
Zukin,a City University of New York sociology professor."Yet when you ask them deeper
questions,it turns out that they__________(5)to shop.Men generally like to shop for
_________(6),music and hardware（硬件）.But if you ask them about the shopping they
do for books or music,they'll say,'Well,that's not shopping.That's________(7)."'
In other words,what men and women call"buying things"and how they approach that
task are________(8).
Women will__________(9)through several 1,000-square-metre stores in search of
the perfect party dress.Men will wander through 100 Internet sites in search of the
________(10)digital camcorder（摄像放像机）.
Women see shopping as a social event.Men see it as a mission or a________(11)
to be won.
"Men are frequently shopping to win,"says Mary Ann McGrath,a marketing professor
at Loyola University of Chicago."They want to get the best deal.They want to get the best
one,the last one and if they do that it________(12)them happy."
When women shop,"they're doing it in a way where they want_________(13)to be
very happy,"says McGrath."They're kind of shopping for love."
In fact,it is in clothing where we see a male-female________(14)most clearly.
Why,complain some men,are all male clothes navy,black or brown?But would they
wear light green and pink（粉红色的）?
These days,many guys wear a sort of"uniform",says Paco Underhill,author of
"Why We Buy"."It's been hard for them to understand what it means to be fashion-
conscious（时尚意识）in a business way. It becomes much, much easier _________
(15)you narrow your range of choices."
_________(7)
A:job
B:movement
C:exercise
D:research
Something Men Do Not Like to Do
Eric Brown hates shopping."It's just not enjoyable to me,"said the 28-year-old
Chicago man who was carrying several shopping bags along the city's main street,Michigan
Avenue."When I'm out_______(1),I basically know what I want to get.I rush in.I
buy it.I_______(2)."
Common wisdom says that guys hate to shop.You can ask generations of men.But
people who study shopping say that a number of social,cultural and economic factors are
now_______(3)this "men-hate-to-shop" notion.
"_________(4)social class and age,men say they hate to shop,"says Sharon
Zukin,a City University of New York sociology professor."Yet when you ask them deeper
questions,it turns out that they__________(5)to shop.Men generally like to shop for
_________(6),music and hardware（硬件）.But if you ask them about the shopping they
do for books or music,they'll say,'Well,that's not shopping.That's________(7)."'
In other words,what men and women call"buying things"and how they approach that
task are________(8).
Women will__________(9)through several 1,000-square-metre stores in search of
the perfect party dress.Men will wander through 100 Internet sites in search of the
________(10)digital camcorder（摄像放像机）.
Women see shopping as a social event.Men see it as a mission or a________(11)
to be won.
"Men are frequently shopping to win,"says Mary Ann McGrath,a marketing professor
at Loyola University of Chicago."They want to get the best deal.They want to get the best
one,the last one and if they do that it________(12)them happy."
When women shop,"they're doing it in a way where they want_________(13)to be
very happy,"says McGrath."They're kind of shopping for love."
In fact,it is in clothing where we see a male-female________(14)most clearly.
Why,complain some men,are all male clothes navy,black or brown?But would they
wear light green and pink（粉红色的）?
These days,many guys wear a sort of"uniform",says Paco Underhill,author of
"Why We Buy"."It's been hard for them to understand what it means to be fashion-
conscious（时尚意识）in a business way. It becomes much, much easier _________
(15)you narrow your range of choices."
_________(7)
A:job
B:movement
C:exercise
D:research
It took us a long time to mend the old church.
A:build
B:destroy
C:design
D:repair
A:build
B:destroy
C:design
D:repair
