There are already drugs that brighten moods, like Prozac, and other antidepressants that control levels of a brain chemical called serotonin. While originally meant to treat depression, these drugs have been used for other psychological conditions like shyness and anxiety and even by otherwise healthy people to feel better about themselves.But is putting people in a better mood really making them happy? People can also drown their sorrows in alcohol or get a euphoric feeling using narcotics, but few people who do so would be called truly happy.The President’s Council on Bioethics said in a recent report that while antidepressants might make some people happier, they can also substitute for what can truly bring happiness： a sense of satisfaction with one’s identity, accomplishments and relationships.“In the pursuit of happiness human beings have always worried about falling for the appearance of happiness and missing its reality, ” the council wrote. It added, “Yet a fraudulent happiness is just what the pharmacological management of our mental lives threatens to confer upon us. ”Now the race is on to develop pills to make people smarter. These drugs aim at memory loss that occurs in people with Alzheimer’s disease or a precursor called mild cognitive impairment.But it is lost on no one that if a memory drug works and is safe, it may one day be used by healthy people to learn faster and remember longer.Studies have already shown that animals can be made to do both when the activity of certain genes is increased or decreased. Dr. Tom Tully，a professor at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, created genetically engineered fruit flies that he said had “photographic memory. ” They could, in one session, learn something that took normal flies 10 sessions.“It immediately convinced everyone that memory was going to be just another biological process，”Dr. Tully said. “There’s nothing special about it. That meant that it was going to be treatable and manipulable. ”But experts say that improving memory will not necessarily make one smarter, in the sense of IQ, let alone in wisdom. “It would be a mistake to think that drugs that have an impact on memory necessarily will have an effect on intelligence，” said Dr. Daniel L. Schacher，chairman of psychology at Harvard.“Is it a good thing to remember everything?” Dr. Tully asked. Could a brain too crammed with information suffer some sort of overload?1.Talking of antidepressants, the author expresses dissatisfaction with（ ）.2.The word “euphoric” (boldfaced in Paragraph 2) can be replaced by the word “（ ）”.3.According to the Council’s report, for those who seek contentment with their lives, antidepressants can （ ）. 4.The example of fruit flies is given to show that（ ）.5.The author thinks that, to one, remembering everything could be（ ） .6.From the passage we can infer that medicines have little power in （ ）.
A.their wide promotion B.their original aim C.their extended use D.their free prescription
问题2：
A.refreshed B.deceptive C.regenerative D.delighted
问题3：
A.cheat them B.please the C.facilitate them D.scare them
问题4：
A.medication for improving memory is safe B.animals can do something humans cannot C.drugs can help healthy people learn faster D.medical science can work some wonders
问题5：
A.damaging B.deluding C.discouraging D.dissatisfying
问题6：
A.bringing one mixed feelings B.solving psychological problems C.making people remember better D.manipulating brain disorders
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The closer one can get to reality, the easier the learning by the student,（ ） that the necessary knowledge has been given previously to facilitate comprehension.
A.so B.despite C.such D.provided
For centuries, humans have harnessed the power of biological systems to improve their lives and the world. Some argue that biotechnology began thousands of years ago, when crops were first bred for specific traits and microorganisms were used to brew beer. Others define the beginning of biotechnology as the emergence of techniques allowing researchers to precisely manipulate and transfer genes from one organism to another. （1）Genes are made up of DNA and are expressed into proteins, which do chemical work and form structures to give us specific traits. In the 1970s, scientists discovered and used the power of natural “scissors” —proteins called restriction enzymes—to specifically remove a gene from one kind of organism and put it into related or unrelated organisms. Thus, recombinant DNA technology, or what most experts now label as modem biotechnology, was bom.The pioneers of biotechnology could not have envisioned our current abilities to engineer plants to resist disease, animals to produce drugs in their milk, and small particles to target and destroy cancer cells.（2） Genomics is based on these tools and is the study of genes and their functions. We have determined the composition of, or “sequenced”，the entire set of genes for humans and several other organisms using biotechnology. （3）Biotechnology, or really any technology, does not exist in a vacuum. It is derived from human efforts and affected by social, cultural, and political climates. Society drives and regulates technology, attempting to minimize the downsides and maximize the benefits. （4）Recent controversies over the use of genetically engineered organisms in food and agriculture have illustrated that this boundary is not so clear. Not only are there safety concerns about genetically engineered organisms, but there are also cultural differences in acceptance of the products.International contexts for technologies are important and should be considered. （5）On the other hand, there are social systems that are affected by new technologies and fears of creating greater divides between rich and poor if technology is not accessible to all sectors of society.
A.The discovery of the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in the 1950s marks the start of this era. B.Many natural and physical scientists would prefer that the separation between social and ethical concerns and science and technology be well defined. C.Genomic information is helping us better to evaluate the commonalities and diversity among organisms and human beings and to understand and cure disease, even tailoring treatments to individuals. D.There are clear indications that biotechnology can benefit the poor and hungry of the world without harming the environment. E.Biotechnology is not a panacea for global problems, but it is a tool that holds a great deal of promise if used appropriately. F.However, biotechnology is more than engineering—it is also a set of tools for understanding biological systems.
问题2：
A.The discovery of the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in the 1950s marks the start of this era. B.Many natural and physical scientists would prefer that the separation between social and ethical concerns and science and technology be well defined. C.Genomic information is helping us better to evaluate the commonalities and diversity among organisms and human beings and to understand and cure disease, even tailoring treatments to individuals. D.There are clear indications that biotechnology can benefit the poor and hungry of the world without harming the environment. E.Biotechnology is not a panacea for global problems, but it is a tool that holds a great deal of promise if used appropriately. F.However, biotechnology is more than engineering—it is also a set of tools for understanding biological systems.
问题3：
A.The discovery of the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in the 1950s marks the start of this era. B.Many natural and physical scientists would prefer that the separation between social and ethical concerns and science and technology be well defined. C.Genomic
His imperative tone of voice reveals his arrogance and arbitrariness.
A.challenging B.solemn C.hostile D.demanding
He was a molecular biologist with good hands, impressive ingenuity, and（ ） capacities.
A.intuitive B.accidental C.fragile D.diligent
Many questions about estrogen’s effects remain to be elucidated, and investigations are seeking answers through ongoing laboratory and clinical studies.
A.implicated B.implied C.illuminated D.initiated
