Spread across the United States are about 500,000 doctors, cheeked by jowl, in the big cities and thin on the ground in isolated small towns. In June 1986, the secretary of health and human services, Dr. Otis Bowen, passed on a view of his experts: 5%-15% of America’s 500,000 doctors should be candidates for disciplinary action, many of them because of drug taking or alcoholism. Others give their patients poor care because they are senile, incompetent, guilty of misconduct or out of touch with developments in medicine.The granting, or withdrawal, of licenses to practice is in the hands of state medical boards, but they are overwhelmed with complaints and lack the money to handle even a fraction of them. Recently, however, things have been changing. In 1985, 406 doctors lost their licenses (compared with 255 in 1984), nearly 500 were placed on probation and nearly 1,000 received reprimands or had their right to practice curtailed. The federal inspector general demanded, and won the right for the states and the federal government, which provide health care for the elderly and for the poor under the Medicare and Medicaid programme, to refuse payment to the doctors considered unsatisfactory.Yet putting these powers into practice is proving to be far from easy. Of the 35 doctors so far denied reimbursement from Medicare, almost all work in lightly populated rural areas. On March 27th, their indignation and that of their patients were a sympathetic hearing by the Senate Finance Committee. Rural doctors may not be as up to date as those in the big towns, but they are often the only source of medical help for miles around and their patients are loyal to them. Members of the review boards, which are paid by the government, insist, however, that elderly and poor people should not be forced to receive (and the state to pay for) inferior care.An innovation is on the horizon in Texas, the most under-doctored state in the country (with only one doctor for every 1,100 residents). Lubbock University is setting up a computer network that will enable country doctors to obtain medical expertise and access to medical records in a hurry. The aim is to reduce the isolation of the country doctors and thus, in the long run, to attract more young doctors to rural areas.1.The main topic of the passage is （ ）.2.According to the text, disciplinary action should be taken against those who give patients poor care because of the following reasons EXCEPT （ ）.3.Which of the following is true about the unfit doctors?4.It can be inferred from the text that in the near future （ ）.5.The paragraph following the text would probably discuss（ ）.

A.the present situation of American doctors B.the legislation on rural medical services C.the problems of country doctors and possible solutions D.some factors of disqualification of country doctors
问题2：
A.taking drugs and drinking alcohol B.feeling remorse of their bad behavior C.being professional unskillful D.being sick and conservative
问题3：
A.1,500 doctors were deprived of the right to practice medicine. B.The federal government has got the right to deny reimbursement to those unqualified doctors. C.Almost all the doctors who fail to get payment from Medicare work in densely populated urban areas. D.Patients in the rural areas complain about the poor treatment their doctors give them.
问题4：
A.there will be more qualified doctors in rural areas B.there will be an even more serious imbalance of the number of rural and urban doctors C.country doctors are competitive in breaking medical records D.more patients will go to rural areas for medical treatment
问题5：
A.problems of urban doctors B.other solutions to improve the present situation C.research in medical science D.reduction of staff in rural hospitals

In science the meaning of the word “explain” suffers with civilization’s every step in search ofAreality. Science cannot really explain electricity, magnetism, and gravitation; their effects can bemeasured and predicted, but of their nature no more is known about the modem scientist than toB C DThales who first speculated on the electrification of amber.

Malaysia and Indonesia rely much on open markets for forest and fishery products, （ ）, some Asian countries are highly protectionist.

A.deliberately B.conversely C.evidently D.naturally

Hurricanes, house fires, cancer, white-water rafting accidents, plane crashes, vicious attacks in dark archways. Nobody asks for any of it. But to their surprise, many people find that enduring such an ordeal ultimately changes them for the better. Their opinion might be something like this: “I wish it hadn’t happened, but I’m a better person for it.”We love to hear the stories of people who have been transformed by their tribulations, perhaps because they testify（1）a psychological truth, one that sometimes gets lost amid endless reports of disaster; there is a built—in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances. Positive reactions to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited to the toughest or the bravest. In fact, roughly half of the people who struggle with adversity say that their lives have in some ways improved.In a dark room in Queens, New York, 31-year-old fashion designer Tracy Cyr believed she was dying. A few months before, she had stopped taking the powerful immune-suppressing drugs that kept her arthritis （2） check. She never anticipated what would happen: a withdrawal reaction that eventually left her in total body agony and neurological meltdown. The slightest movement-trying to swallow, for example- was excruciating. Even the pressure of her check on the pillow was almost unbearable.Cyr is no wimp-diagnosed with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis at the age of two, she’d endured the symptoms and the treatments (drugs, surgery) her whole life. But this time, she was way past her limits, and nothing her doctors did seemed to help. Either the disease was going to kill her or, pretty soon, she’d have to kill herself.As her sleepless nights wore on, though, her suicidal thoughts began to be interrupted by new feelings of gratitude. She was still in agony, but a new consciousness grew stronger each night: an awesome sense of liberation, combined with an all-encompassing feeling of sympathy and compassion. “I felt stripped（3）everything I’d ever identified myself with,” she said six months later. “Everything I thought I’d known or believed in was useless-time, money, self-image, perception that was so forcing.”Within a few months, she began to be able to move more freely, thanks to a cocktail of steroids and other drugs. But as her physical strength came back, she did not return to her old way of being as a feisty, demanding “sex-in-the-City, three-inch-stilettos-and-fishnets” girl. Now quieter and more tolerant, she makes a point of being submissive in a tum-the-other cheek kind of way. Cyr still takes a pharmacopoeia of drugs every day, but she says there’s no question that her life is better now. “I felt I had been shown the secret of life and why we’re here, to be happy and to nurture other life. It’s that simple.”Her mind-blowing experience came as a total surprise. But that feeling of transformation is in some ways typical, says Rich Tedeschi, a professor of psychology at the University of North Carolina in Charlotte who coined the term “post-traumatic growth”，His studies of people who have endured extreme events like combat, violent crime or sudden serious illness show that most feel dazed and anxious in the immediate aftermath. They are preoccupied with the idea that their lives have been shattered. A few people are haunted long afterward by memory problems, sleep trouble and similar symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. But Tedeschi and others have found that for many people—perhaps even the majority life ultimately becomes richer and more gratifying.Something similar happens to many people who experience a terrifying physical threat. In that moment, our sense of invulnerability is pierced, and the self-protective mental armor that normally stands between us and our perceptions of the world is tom away. Our everyday life scripts---our habits, self-perceptions and assumptions-go out the window, and we’re left with a raw experience of the world.Still, actually implementing these changes, as well as fully coming to terms（4）the new reality, usually takes conscious effort. B

Before the bank was willing to lend him money, it had to （ ）that he was the true owner of the house.

A.verify B.entrust C.acknowledge D.grant

The traditional American Thanksgiving day celebration（1） to 1621. （2）that year a special feast was prepared in Plymouth, Massachusetts. The colonists who （3） there had left England because they felt （4）of religious freedom. They came to the （5）and faced difficulties in （6） the ocean. The ship which （7）them was called Mayflower. The North Atlantic was difficult to travel. There were bad storms. They were（8） in learning to live in the new earth by the Indians who （9）the region. The puritans, （10） they were called, had much to be thankful （11） . Their religious practices were （12） longer a source of criticism by the government. They learned to （13）their farming habits to the climate and soil. （14） they selected the fourth Thursday of November for their Thanksgiving （15） , they invited their （16） , the Indians, to join them in dinner and （17） of gratitude for the new life. They recalled the group of 102 men, women and children who left （18） . They remembered their （19） who did not see the shore of Massachusetts. They （20） the 65 days’ journey which had tested their strength.

A.dates B.starts C.returns D.goes back
问题2：
A.In B.At C.During D.For
问题3：
A.didn’t settle B.were settled C.settle D.once settled
问题4：
A.refused B.denied C.rejected D.declined
问题5：
A.new city B.new state C.new land D.new country
问题6：
A.going to B.hauling to C.coming across D.deporting beyond
问题7：
A.loaded B.led C.carried D.packed
问题8：
A.assisted B.obliged C.invited D.permitted
问题9：
A.resided B.dwelt C.inhabited D.lived
问题10：
A.since B.like C.for D.as
问题11：
A.for B.to C.of D.at
问题12：
A.no B.not C.much D.any
问题13：
A.form B.develop C.get D.adjust
问题14：
A.While B.When C.So D.If
问题15：
A.tradition B.celebration C.mark D.anniversary
问题16：
A.relatives B.friends C.neighbors D.comrades
问题17：
A.an honor B.a song C.a gift D.a prayer
问题18：
A.England B.Holland C.Britain D.them
问题19：
A.friends B.dead C.ancestors D.relatives
问题20：
A.refreshed themselves with B.were remembered for C.reflected on D.recalled how