[单选题,10分]对于0～3个月的婴儿，应提供的玩具和游戏材料有()
A.手工、绘画材料
B.用手穿的大木珠
C.色彩鲜明的小球
D.不倒翁、拨浪鼓

从健康角度出发，在选用装饰材料时应注意（）。
A．选用保温、隔热、吸声、隔声的材料
B．选择经济合理的材料
C．尽量选用天然材料
D．选择不易挥发有害气体的材料
E．选用色彩鲜明的材料

4岁的贝贝吃饭时总要坐在保育员腿上，让人一口一口喂他吃。上幼儿园的孩子吃饭应该是力所能及的。王老师对他说：“贝贝乖，坐到桌边来，自己吃饭更香。”他哭喊着：“我不会，我不自己吃嘛。”老师轻抚着他的额头说：“贝贝是个聪明的孩子，不会自己吃饭哪行。我教你好吗？”贝贝头摇得像拨浪鼓：“有人喂我吃，我干嘛要学呢。在家里，都是奶奶喂的。”

王老师从贝贝的父母口中了解到，他们中年喜得贵子，对贝贝有求必应，年逾花甲的奶奶更是溺爱贝贝的坚强后盾，贝贝在家过着饭来张口、衣来伸手、养尊处优的“小皇帝”生活。

弄清了贝贝过分依赖的原因，幼儿园的老师们就开始实施“对因保教”措施。首先，取得贝贝父母的合作与理解，使家长对孩子的要求与幼儿园一致，尽量让孩子自己吃饭，学会生活自理。其次，王老师与班里其他老师合作，采用“以儿童教育儿童”的方法，利用其他孩子的良好进餐行为进行示范，促进同伴之间的相互学习和交往，让贝贝建立羞耻心和荣辱心。同时，注意安排贝贝与年长儿童交往，让他在哥哥姐姐的良好榜样强化下习惯成自然。最后，王老师鼓励贝贝在一日生活中自主选择，培养他的独立意识，提供心理支持，增加自信心，对他的合理要求及时满足，对不合理的要求不予理睬，设法转移他的注意力，对他的点滴进步进行表扬和奖励。运用了以上综合的保教方法，贝贝终于能自己吃饭了，而且还具备了一定的生活自理能力。

【简答】

案例中，教师们的做法贯彻了哪些幼儿园教育的原则？

There seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to five children something to do.
In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks o~ their mothers. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.
What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology. It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all part of the world and their persistence to the present that is amazing. In Egypt, the Americas, China, Japan and among the Arctic（北极的) peoples, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life because toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.
Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the oxcart to the automobile is a direct line of ascent（进步). The progress from a rattle（拨浪鼓) used by a baby in 3000 B.C. to one used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness. Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials.
The reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls play with is that ______.
A．their social roles are rigidly determined
B．most boys would like to follow their fathers' professions
C．boys like to play with their fathers while girls with their mothers
D．they like challenging activities

画面线条单纯、色彩鲜明、气氛热烈愉快、场面热闹的画种是（　　）。

A、风俗画

B、壁画

C、年画

D、水墨画