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Travel Across Africa
For six hours we shot through the barren（荒芜的）landscape of the Karoo desert in
South Africa. Just rocks and sand and baking sun. Knowing our journey was ending,Daniel and I just wanted to remember all we had seen and done. He used a camera. I used words. I had already finished three notebooks and was into the fourth,a beautiful leather notebook I'd bought in a market in Mozambique.
Southern Africa was full of stories and visions.We were almost drunk on sensations,the roaring（咆哮）of the water at Victoria Falls, the impossible silence of the Okavango Delta in Botswana.
And then the other things:dogs in the streets,whole families in Soweto living in one room,a kilometre from clean water.
As we drove towards the setting sun,a quietness fell over us. The road was empty一we hadn't seen another car for hours.And as I drove,something caught my eye,something moving close enough to touch them,to smell their hot breath. I didn't know how long they had been there next to us.
I shouted to Dan:“Look!”But he was in a deep sleep,his camera lying useless by his feet. They raced the car for a few seconds,then disappeared far behind us,a memory of he- roic forms in the red landscape.
When Daniel woke up an hour later I told him what had happened.
”Wild horses?”he said.”Why didn't you wake me up,Sophia?”
”I tried. But they were gone after a few seconds.”
”Are you sure you didn't dream it?”
”You were the one who was sleeping!”
”Typical”,he said.”The best photos are the ones we never take.”
We checked into a dusty hotel and slept the sleep of the dead.
Sophia wrote about her experiences in notebooks.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
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ADHD Linked to AIF Pollutants
Children have an increased of attention problems,seen asearly as grade school,if their no-ses inhaled（吸入）a certain type of air pollution when they were pre, ant.That,5 the finding ofa new study.Released when things aren't burned completely,this pollution 15 known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,or PAHs.Tlle higgest sources of these PAHs:the bunling of fossil fuels, wood and trash.
Frederica Perera works at Columbia University,5 Mailman School of Public Health in New York City.She researclies how exposure to things in the environment affects children,5 health.In a new study,she and her team studied the exposure to air pollution of 233 nonsmokingpre,ant women in New York City.Because burning tobacco can spew（排放）PAHs into the air and lungs, Perera,5 team focused on nonsmokers.The researchers wanted to probe（探查）other sources of PA Hs,ones that,5 would have been hard for an individual to avoid.
The team started by testing the blood of each woman during pregnancy.The reason:Any PA H 5 in a woman's blood would also be available to the baby in her womb．Nine years later,the researchers investigated signs of attention problems in those children,now age 9 .They asked each child’s mother a series of questions.These included whatever her child had prohlems doing things that needed sustained（长期的）mental effort,such as homework or games with friends.The sci-entists also asked if the kids had trouble following instructions or made frequent,careless mis-takes.All of these can be symptoms of a disorder called Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD.About one in U.5.children has ADHD.
Among the women studied,traffic and home heating were the primary sources of air pollution exposure,Pereraand her team suspect.Some of these women had low levels of PAHs in their blood.others had high levels.Those with high levels were five times as likely to have children who showed attention problems by age 9 .The new findings were published November 5 in the journal PLOS ONE.
The women with high levels of PAHs in their blood were more likely to have kids with ADHD.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
ADHD Linked to AIF Pollutants
Children have an increased of attention problems,seen asearly as grade school,if their no-ses inhaled（吸入）a certain type of air pollution when they were pre, ant.That,5 the finding ofa new study.Released when things aren't burned completely,this pollution 15 known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,or PAHs.Tlle higgest sources of these PAHs:the bunling of fossil fuels, wood and trash.
Frederica Perera works at Columbia University,5 Mailman School of Public Health in New York City.She researclies how exposure to things in the environment affects children,5 health.In a new study,she and her team studied the exposure to air pollution of 233 nonsmokingpre,ant women in New York City.Because burning tobacco can spew（排放）PAHs into the air and lungs, Perera,5 team focused on nonsmokers.The researchers wanted to probe（探查）other sources of PA Hs,ones that,5 would have been hard for an individual to avoid.
The team started by testing the blood of each woman during pregnancy.The reason:Any PA H 5 in a woman's blood would also be available to the baby in her womb．Nine years later,the researchers investigated signs of attention problems in those children,now age 9 .They asked each child’s mother a series of questions.These included whatever her child had prohlems doing things that needed sustained（长期的）mental effort,such as homework or games with friends.The sci-entists also asked if the kids had trouble following instructions or made frequent,careless mis-takes.All of these can be symptoms of a disorder called Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD.About one in U.5.children has ADHD.
Among the women studied,traffic and home heating were the primary sources of air pollution exposure,Pereraand her team suspect.Some of these women had low levels of PAHs in their blood.others had high levels.Those with high levels were five times as likely to have children who showed attention problems by age 9 .The new findings were published November 5 in the journal PLOS ONE.
The women with high levels of PAHs in their blood were more likely to have kids with ADHD.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
共用题干
Energy Cycle
Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it's painful?This might be called laziness,but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.
During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you're“hot”.That's true .The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak .For some people the peak comes during the morning. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening.No one has discovered why this is so,but it leads to such familiar monologues as:“Get up,John!You'll be late for work again!”The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean,and which cycle each member of the family has.
You can't change your energy cycle,but you can learn to make your life fit to it better. Habit can help,Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but you must stay up late anyway .Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day,rise before your usual hour. This won't change your cycle,but you'll get up steam and work better at your low point.
Get off to a slow start which saves your energy .Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch.Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the trouble of searching for clean clothes by laying them out the night before .Whenever possible,do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.
Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage?
A: Unawareness of energy cycles.
B:Familiar monologues.
C: A change in a family member's energy cycle.
D: Attempts to work more efficiently during the cycle of other family members.
Energy Cycle
Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it's painful?This might be called laziness,but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.
During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you're“hot”.That's true .The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak .For some people the peak comes during the morning. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening.No one has discovered why this is so,but it leads to such familiar monologues as:“Get up,John!You'll be late for work again!”The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean,and which cycle each member of the family has.
You can't change your energy cycle,but you can learn to make your life fit to it better. Habit can help,Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but you must stay up late anyway .Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day,rise before your usual hour. This won't change your cycle,but you'll get up steam and work better at your low point.
Get off to a slow start which saves your energy .Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch.Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the trouble of searching for clean clothes by laying them out the night before .Whenever possible,do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.
Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage?
A: Unawareness of energy cycles.
B:Familiar monologues.
C: A change in a family member's energy cycle.
D: Attempts to work more efficiently during the cycle of other family members.
共用题干
Do You Have a Sense of Humor?
Humor and laughter are good for us.There is increasing evidence that they can heal us physically,mentally, emotionally,and spiritually.In fact,every system of the body responds to laughter in some positive,healing way,
So how can we get more laughter into our lives?______(46)Psychologist and author,Steve Wilson,has some answers。
Many people believe that we are born with a sense of humor.They think,"Either you've got it,or you don't."Dr.Wilson points out that this is false.______(47)
The parts of the brain and central nervous system that control laughing and smiling are mature at birth.______(48)(After all,when a baby laughs,we don't rush over and say,"That kid has a great scm of humor!")A sense of humor is something that you can develop over a lifetime.
Sometimes people think that they don't have a good sense of humor because they are not good joke tellers.Dr.Wilson reminds us that telling jokes is only one of many ways to express humor.______(49) Then we will make others laugh,too.
A person who has a true sense of humor is willing and able to see the funny side of everyday life.One of the best definitions of a sense of humor is"the ability to see the nonserious element in a situation".Consider this sign from a store window:"Any faulty merchandise will be cheerfully replaced with merchandise of equal quality."The store manager probably placed the sign in the window to impress customers with the store's excellent service.______(50)As Dr.Wilson says,"A good sense of humor means that you don't have to be funny;you just have to see what's funny."
______(48)
A:He advises us to lose our inhibitions（抑制）and try to laugh at ourselves.
B:Is it possible to develop a sense of humor?
C:However,that does not mean that infants have a sense of humor.
D:What is true,however,is that we are born with the capacity to laugh and smile.
E:Everyone experiences this emotion.
F:He had a serious purpose,but if you have a sense of humor,you will probably find the sign funny!
Do You Have a Sense of Humor?
Humor and laughter are good for us.There is increasing evidence that they can heal us physically,mentally, emotionally,and spiritually.In fact,every system of the body responds to laughter in some positive,healing way,
So how can we get more laughter into our lives?______(46)Psychologist and author,Steve Wilson,has some answers。
Many people believe that we are born with a sense of humor.They think,"Either you've got it,or you don't."Dr.Wilson points out that this is false.______(47)
The parts of the brain and central nervous system that control laughing and smiling are mature at birth.______(48)(After all,when a baby laughs,we don't rush over and say,"That kid has a great scm of humor!")A sense of humor is something that you can develop over a lifetime.
Sometimes people think that they don't have a good sense of humor because they are not good joke tellers.Dr.Wilson reminds us that telling jokes is only one of many ways to express humor.______(49) Then we will make others laugh,too.
A person who has a true sense of humor is willing and able to see the funny side of everyday life.One of the best definitions of a sense of humor is"the ability to see the nonserious element in a situation".Consider this sign from a store window:"Any faulty merchandise will be cheerfully replaced with merchandise of equal quality."The store manager probably placed the sign in the window to impress customers with the store's excellent service.______(50)As Dr.Wilson says,"A good sense of humor means that you don't have to be funny;you just have to see what's funny."
______(48)
A:He advises us to lose our inhibitions（抑制）and try to laugh at ourselves.
B:Is it possible to develop a sense of humor?
C:However,that does not mean that infants have a sense of humor.
D:What is true,however,is that we are born with the capacity to laugh and smile.
E:Everyone experiences this emotion.
F:He had a serious purpose,but if you have a sense of humor,you will probably find the sign funny!
共用题干
Migrant（移民的）Workers
In the past twenty years,there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move
from one country to another. While some countries have restricted（限制）most
___________(1)to local people,others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers.
This is particularly the case in the Middle East,___________(2)increased oil incomes
have enabled many countries to call in outsiders to improve local facilities（设施）.Thus the
Middle East has attracted oil-workers___________(3)the U. S.
A. and Europe.It has
also brought in workers from many other countries,___________(4)South Korea and
Japan.
In view of the difficul州lying and working___________(5)in the Middle East,it is not
surprising that the pay is high to attract suitable workers.Many engineers and technicians
can___________(6)at least twice as much money the Middle East as they can in their
own country, and this is a major ___________(7).
Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating(补偿的) advantage.For example,
the___________(8)living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have
to___________(9)on each other for safety and comfort. In a similar way,many migrant
workers can save large sums of money partly because of the___________(10)of
entertainment（娱乐）facilities. The work is often complex and full of problems but this
merely presents greater challenge to engineers who prefer to find solutions to problems
rather than do___________(11)work in their home country.
One major problem which___________(12)migrant workers in the Middle East is that
their jobs are temporary ones.They are nearly always on___________(13),so it is not
easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence.This is to be___________(14)since
no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents.In any
___________ (15),migrant workers accept this disadvantage,along with others,
because of the considerable financial benefits which they receive.
_________(7)
A:advance
B:difficulty
C:event
D:attraction
Migrant（移民的）Workers
In the past twenty years,there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move
from one country to another. While some countries have restricted（限制）most
___________(1)to local people,others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers.
This is particularly the case in the Middle East,___________(2)increased oil incomes
have enabled many countries to call in outsiders to improve local facilities（设施）.Thus the
Middle East has attracted oil-workers___________(3)the U. S.
A. and Europe.It has
also brought in workers from many other countries,___________(4)South Korea and
Japan.
In view of the difficul州lying and working___________(5)in the Middle East,it is not
surprising that the pay is high to attract suitable workers.Many engineers and technicians
can___________(6)at least twice as much money the Middle East as they can in their
own country, and this is a major ___________(7).
Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating(补偿的) advantage.For example,
the___________(8)living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have
to___________(9)on each other for safety and comfort. In a similar way,many migrant
workers can save large sums of money partly because of the___________(10)of
entertainment（娱乐）facilities. The work is often complex and full of problems but this
merely presents greater challenge to engineers who prefer to find solutions to problems
rather than do___________(11)work in their home country.
One major problem which___________(12)migrant workers in the Middle East is that
their jobs are temporary ones.They are nearly always on___________(13),so it is not
easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence.This is to be___________(14)since
no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents.In any
___________ (15),migrant workers accept this disadvantage,along with others,
because of the considerable financial benefits which they receive.
_________(7)
A:advance
B:difficulty
C:event
D:attraction
共用题干
Look After Your Voice
Often speakers at a meeting experience dry mouths and ask for a glass of water. You can solve the problem by activating the saliva in your mouth.First gently bite the edges of your tongue with your teeth .Or,press your entire tongue to the bottom of your mouth and hold it there until the saliva flows.Or you can imagine that you are slicing a big juicy lemon and sucking the juice.
Before you begin your talk,be kind'to your voice.Avoid milk or creamy drinks which dry your throat. Keep your throat wet by drinking a little sweetened warm tea or diluted fruit juice.
If you sense that you are losing your voice,stop talking completely.In the meantime,do not even talk in a low voice.Save your voice for your health.You may feel foolish using paper to write notes,but the best thing you can do is to rest your voice.If it is necessary,perhaps you can get some advice from a professional singer.
What about drinking alcohol to wet your throat?I advice you not to touch alcohol before speaking. The problem with alcohol is that one drink gives you a little confidence.The second drink gives you even more confidence.Finally you will feel all-powerful and you will feel you can do everything,but in fact your brain and your mouth do not work together properly.Save the alco- hol until after you finish speaking.
Perhaps you want to accept the advice,but you may wonder if you can ever change the habits of a lifetime .Of course you can .Goethe,who lived before indoor skating rinks or swimming pools,said,“We learn to skate in the summer and swim in the winter”.Take this message to heart and give yourself time to develop your new habits.If you are willing to change,you will soon be able to say that you will never forget these techniques because they became a part of your body.
Due to the effect of alcohol,your thought and your mouth will not coordinate properly.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
Look After Your Voice
Often speakers at a meeting experience dry mouths and ask for a glass of water. You can solve the problem by activating the saliva in your mouth.First gently bite the edges of your tongue with your teeth .Or,press your entire tongue to the bottom of your mouth and hold it there until the saliva flows.Or you can imagine that you are slicing a big juicy lemon and sucking the juice.
Before you begin your talk,be kind'to your voice.Avoid milk or creamy drinks which dry your throat. Keep your throat wet by drinking a little sweetened warm tea or diluted fruit juice.
If you sense that you are losing your voice,stop talking completely.In the meantime,do not even talk in a low voice.Save your voice for your health.You may feel foolish using paper to write notes,but the best thing you can do is to rest your voice.If it is necessary,perhaps you can get some advice from a professional singer.
What about drinking alcohol to wet your throat?I advice you not to touch alcohol before speaking. The problem with alcohol is that one drink gives you a little confidence.The second drink gives you even more confidence.Finally you will feel all-powerful and you will feel you can do everything,but in fact your brain and your mouth do not work together properly.Save the alco- hol until after you finish speaking.
Perhaps you want to accept the advice,but you may wonder if you can ever change the habits of a lifetime .Of course you can .Goethe,who lived before indoor skating rinks or swimming pools,said,“We learn to skate in the summer and swim in the winter”.Take this message to heart and give yourself time to develop your new habits.If you are willing to change,you will soon be able to say that you will never forget these techniques because they became a part of your body.
Due to the effect of alcohol,your thought and your mouth will not coordinate properly.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
