Newspapers in the 1920s and the 1930s offered their readers gifts to increase their （ ）.

A.circulation B.contribution C.regulation D.advocation

Children’s literature traces its beginnings to preliterate times, when ancient storytellers passed tales and legends from generation to generation in the oral tradition. William Caxton, who established England’s first printing press, published books of etiquette, fables and legends. However, these didn’t constitute a body of work that could be considered literature for children. Because children at that time were considered "miniature adults", books were didactic in nature. The content for young readers consisted mainly of religious instruction, rules of behavior, ethical messages, and moral platitudes. In 1774, Englishman John Newberry changed children’s publishing when he began to create books with attractive formats, quality illustrations, and sturdy bindings, that were designed primarily for children to enjoy. The oldest, and most prestigious award given for children’s books published in America, is the Newberry Medal.In the following century, children’s literature began to bloom. Hans Christian Andersen’s wonderful stories like "The Ugly Duckling", and "The Little Mermaid", and Grimm brothers collected two volumes of German folktales that included stories such as "Snow White" and "Rumpelstiltskin". Childhood came to be recognized as a joyful and carefree period of life, and books celebrating it began to be published. Charles Dodgson (Lewis Carrol) wrote the fantasy "Alice in Wonderland", the first book that was intended purely for children’s enjoyment without any pretense of instruction. Edwards Lear’s books of nonsense poetry delighted both young and old readers. In North America, books for a young audience were becoming popular as well. Kate Douglas Wiggin wrote "Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm", Louisa May Alcott wrote "Little Women", and Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain) created Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn. By the end of the century, the pious and moralistic books of earlier times had been replaced by writing designed to amuse and entertain a young audience. In the 1800s color printing was introduced, and by the middle of the 19th century, the rough illustrations that characterized earlier children’s books had been replaced by works of art that captured the word and some of the story.1.The underlined word “constitute” in Paragraph 1 is closet in meaning to （ ）.2.According to the passage, the early books of etiquette, fables and legends could not really be considered children’s literature because（ ）.3.According to the passage, what changed children’s publishing in 1774?4.The underlined word “sturdy” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to（ ）.5.What does the author mean by the statement “children’s literature began to bloom” in Paragraph 2?6.The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to （ ）.7.According to the passage, “Alice in the WonderlancT’ was an example of （ ）.8.The underlined word “characterized” in Paragraph 2 is closet in meaning to （ ）.9.What impact did color printing have on children’s books?

A.form B.talk C.plan D.look
问题2：
A.the children couldn’t read them B.the early books were too heavy for children C.the stories were too difficult for children to appreciate D.the stories were for education rather than for enjoyment
问题3：
A.the Newberry Medal B.some books began to be produced mainly for children to enjoy C.some books had attractive formats, quality illustration, and sturdy bindings D.some books no longer contained religious instruction, rules of behavior, ethical messages, and moral platitudes
问题4：
A.robust B.ornate C.soft D.hard
问题5：
A.quality illustrations and attractive formats made books more appealing B.illustration often included flowers C.became more varied and attractive D.became more numerous and popular
问题6：
A.publishing B.books C.life D.childhood
问题7：
A.a fantasy story B.a German folktale C.a book celebrating childhood D.a book of instruction
问题8：
A.rejected B.described C.devalued D.amused
问题9：
A.sales increased by the middle of the 19th century B.rough illustrations were now more appealing C.illustrat

Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to （ ） healthy.

A.preserve B.stay C.maintain D.reserve

My request for a day off（ ） by the manager of the company.

A.was turned off B.was turned down C.was put down D.was put away

To read a new book, you simply need good light, time and the right frame of mind. But to read a new software package, you need a thousand pounds’ worth of hardware, considerable computer knowledge, plenty of time and, most important of all, endless determination.Generally speaking, all books are very much alike, and the experienced reader has no difficulty coping with an unfamiliar book. But imagine how frustrating it would be if you had to make a mental adjustment, if you had to read in a different way every time you read a book from a different publisher, yet this is exactly what it is like when you use a new software package.You can be encouraged in a good book within a minute, but getting new software running takes ages. Learning to use a new piece of software is like trying to ride a trick bicycle, on which the handlebars have a reverse action. It looks easier than it really is. This is partly because you must first unlearn what you’ve learnt on the last package; no two packages use the control characters on the keyboard in quite the same way. How much easier it would be if there are some standards to which all software writers adhered!Since you can’t rely on your precious experience, the only way to understand your new software package is to rely on the manual. Some software manuals are written with the beginner in mind and have explicit instruction with well-designed exercises that lead you gently on from stage to stage. But most assume that you are already an expert, and have complicated explanations which only confuse and irritate you. All require a full set of fingers and thumbs to mark pages while hunting out information. Yes, perhaps the information is in the manual, but where?1.When learning to use a new software package you may probably feel （ ）.2.The author mentions the trick bicycle, on which the handlebars have a reverse action, in order to show （ ）.3.How could a software package become easier to users according to the author?4. What is the most common problem in software manuals according to the passage?5.The word “explicit” underlined in paragraph 4 probably means “ （ ）”.

A.frustrated B.encouraged C.engrossed D.dismayed
问题2：
A.how difficult it is to learn to ride a bicycle B.it is impossible to learn to ride this bicycle C.how difficult it is to learn a new software package D.to leam to ride a bicycle is the same thing as to leam a new software package
问题3：
A.All software packages are made by the same software company. B.The users are familiar with all kinds of software packages. C.There are some standards to which all software writers adhere. D.There is a committee which examines all software packages.
问题4：
A.They have complicated explanations which are quite beyond your understanding. B.They are printed in very small characters. C.Their instructions and explanations are too simple. D.They are written with the beginner in mind.
问题5：
A.confusing B.clear C.complicated D.involved

The century-old hostilities between the two tribes eventually （ ）through the persistent efforts of the local government.

A.terminated B.diminished C.shrunk D.worsened